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Support Materials for Students with Special Education Needs
English K–6
Case Studies
Case study 4
Summary of expressive communication – Elodie
Name: Elodie
Age: 7 years, 3 months
Date: November 2010
Broad function Function
Intentionality Behaviour(s) (forms)
Target
Expressing needs
and wants
Request food
and objects
Intentional
(non-symbolic
and symbolic)
• Whines (indicates she
wants something)
• Reaches
• Signs ‘more’, combined
with saying ‘more’
• Responds to yes/no ques-
tions saying ‘yes’ and ‘no’
• Add a form (eg concrete
symbol, sign, or
beginning sound
for clarity and
communication repair)
• Increase reliability of
yes/no response
Request actions
from others
(eg continuation)
Intentional
(non-symbolic
and symbolic)
• Whines
• Signs ‘more’ combined
with saying ‘more’
• Responds to yes/no
questions saying ‘yes’
and ‘no’
• Increase frequency
and extent of use of
sign ‘more’ used with
other forms
• Increase reliability
of yes/no response
Request
activities
Intentional
(non-symbolic
and symbolic)
• Whines
• Attempts to name activity
• Signs ‘more’, combined
with saying ‘more’
• Responds to yes/no
questions saying ‘yes’
and ‘no’
• Enhance clarity of
speech, ie words
and approximation
• Add a form, eg symbol/
sign for clarity
• Use beginning sound for
communication repair
• Increase reliability
of yes/no response
Protest
Intentional
(non-symbolic)
• Whines
• Pulls body or hands away
• Turns head away
Establish and increase
consistency and reliability
of ‘no’ response combined
with pulling hands or body
away and/or head turning.
Reject
Intentional
(non-symbolic
and symbolic)
• Says ‘no’
• Pushes object/food
item away
• Pulls body or hands away
• Sometimes turns
head away
Increase reliability of
‘no’ with added form of
pushing away.
Refuse
Intentional
(non-symbolic
and symbolic)
• Says ‘no’
• Pushes object/food
item away
• Pulls body or hands away
• Sometimes turns
head away
Increase use and frequency
of ‘no’ with added form
of pushing away.
Escape/cessation
Ask permission
Seek confirmation
Ask for help
